Writing SBI PO Essay Topics

Writing SBI PO Essay TopicsSo you are thinking about doing your SBI PO essay topics 2020. There are plenty of different ways to go about writing an SBI PO essay, but the best way to approach the problem is to look at what you have already done. If you find that you do not have a good answer to the question, 'What are your SBI PO essay topics?'You might start out by researching what kinds of essays that are related to the type of questions you need to address. You might have read about a particular type of topic or essay and think you would be good at that topic. However, this does not necessarily mean that you will be good at it. You might end up with something that will help you get into graduate school, but it will not be the kind of graduate school that will really benefit you.After you have done some research into your field, you might want to make sure that you have at least taken the time to look up an online dictionary for your topic. The online dictionary will show you all th e slang and other words used in that particular area. This can be very helpful, because you will know what you are looking for and where to look. You should also make sure that you have researched the person who has written the article for the particular topic you are writing about.Once you have got a list of topics, it is time to start on your SBI PO essay topics. You do not have to write a complete essay. Instead, you should start off with a short description of your topic, followed by the definition of that topic. This gives you the opportunity to introduce yourself and your background in your writing.Your next paragraph should give an outline of the current business news and include a summary of the paragraph you just read. Next, you should briefly introduce the main focus of your essay. It might be about the impact that computerization has had on the workforce, or the new method of manufacturing that has been developed. Then, you should move on to talk about the problem you are going to solve with your essay.It is not necessary that you include a whole paragraph for every point you will be addressing in your essay. You might take advantage of the main section, and then end with a couple of sentences to provide a summary of the rest of your paragraph. In doing so, you will actually save your reader some time. It will not only give them a summary of your entire paragraph, but it will also make it easier for them to put the information together themselves and get it all the way through the whole article.If you follow these steps when writing your SBI PO essay topics, you should have yourself prepared. While there are plenty of other ways to structure your essay, these are the basic steps.

General Theory of Crime Essay Sample free essay sample

There has been much contention and surveies done on Gottfredson and Hirschi’s development of their book-length theory. General Theory of Crime. They discuss thoughts and constructs refering self-denial and how that affects an individual’s likeliness of perpetrating condemnable Acts of the Apostless. If a individual lacks in self-denial. they are more prone to being aberrant given the right fortunes and factors environing their state of affairs. Considered to be such a simple theory. it offers empirical grounds and assorted accounts as to why aberrant persons choose a different way in contrast to non-deviant. rule-following persons. However. while simple. it does work to explicate a wide spectrum of thoughts and provides infinite for reading. In this paper I will be discoursing the thoughts presented by Gottfredson and Hirschi in their theory sing self-denial every bit good as the historical and empirical surveies done environing the General Theory of Crime. Michael Gott fredson is an American Criminologist who was besides the provost at UC Irvine and is presently the president of the University of Oregon. We will write a custom essay sample on General Theory of Crime Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Travis Hirschi. excessively. is an American criminologist who received his Ph. D. in sociology from UC Berkeley. He developed the Social Control Theory. which describes that the absence of societal bonds and fond regards to society can ensue in the increased likeliness of delinquency. In this theory. Gottfredson focused more on the social controls on an person. In 1990. Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi developed the theory of self-denial. which focuses on the being or the deficiency thereof self-denial within an person. Gottfredson and Hirschi make the switch from external control to those of internal causing. However. a relevance does be. for Hirschi believes that societal controls can be used in explicating condemnable behaviour. Those controls have the competence to act upon self-denial. which harmonizing to Hirschi. is ingrained in an person around the age of eight and should stay consistent from thereafter ( Bernard et al. 2010 ) . Matching with this theory. condemnable Acts of the Apostless are characterized as so: supply immediate satisfaction of desires ; easy and simple satisfaction of d esires ; exciting. hazardous and thrilling ; be given to supply few or meager long-run benefits ; necessitate small accomplishment or planning ; and frequently consequence in hurting or uncomfortableness for the victim ( Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990 ) . As for the features of the persons who commit these condemnable Acts of the Apostless ; they’re known to be unprompted. insensitive. physical. hazard taking. short sighted. and non-verbal. A major cause of low self-denial can said to be brought on by uneffective kid rise uping. significance that if parents fail at suitably training. nurturing. and raising their kids that can take to low self-denial which in bend causes a concatenation of delinquent and correspondent behaviours. The General Theory of Crime is besides known as a theory that explain all offenses at all times which could hold the possibility of happening a declaration to stoping all offense ( Schulz 2004 ) . In bend. the deficiency of self-denial could therefore explicate why persons can non non maintain a stable occupation. make non execute good in school. or fall short in the ability to hold healthy relationships with people. These events that can happen in an persons life elaborates on the thought that low self -denial can do many things in one’s life to travel astray. Gottfredson and Hirschi present an accent on how child raising is one of the major constituents of an single holding low self-denial. Harmonizing to them there are 3 facets that must be in order for an person to hold a high sum of self-denial and that is: monitoring and tracking child’s behaviour. acknowledging aberrant behaviour when it occurs and systematically and proportionally penalizing the behaviour upon acknowledgment ( Bernard et al. 2010 ) . This General Theory of Crime besides relates to the Classical and Rational Choice Theory. which was foremost presented by Beccaria. In drumhead. these theories fundamentally province that if the costs outweigh the benefits the person is less likely to perpetrate the offense. Normally the benefits outweigh the costs because the benefits are more touchable and immediate. In add-on. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s define offense as â€Å"acts of force or fraud undertaken in chase of ego interest† ( 1990 ) . their theory of self-control elaborates on the thought that persons who have low self-control commit offense because they desire for easy and immediate satisfaction and its in their ain involvement that these offenses will be good to them. They besides explain that the deficiency of self-denial is non meant to find one set of aberrant Acts of the Apostless but to show that low self-denial has the capableness of doing any aberrant Acts of the Apostless. no affair the degree of criminalism. such as correspondent behaviours ( smoke. imbibing. chancing ) . These behaviours are non needfully condemnable but may be seen as aberrant harmonizing to society. After much research was done on the thought of self-denial and disclosure that self-control really plays a smaller function as the cause of offense than we think it to hold. Hirschi so redefined self-denial from what he originally conceptualized it to be: â€Å"Self-control becomes the inclination to see the full scope of possible costs of a peculiar act. † this new definition shifted the position of self-denial from sing the long-run deduction to the more at hand branchings ( Bernard et al. 2010 ) . While this theory does much to explicate assorted facets of offense and why it may happen. it does non be without unfavorable judgment. There have been many empirical surveies done to prove the cogency and credibleness of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory sing self-denial. A survey done by Matt DeLisi and Michael G. Vaughn titled. â€Å"Reconciling Self-Control Theory. Crimina l Careers and Career Criminals. † focused on the construct that low-self control is similar to persons holding the natural inclination to perpetrate offense and therefore they â€Å"examine [ vitamin D ] its prognostic cogency of calling criminalism among 723 incarcerated delinquent young persons. † ( 2007 ) . While DeLisi and Vaughn worked to turn out that calling felons could be marks of survey in respects to whether lower self-denial can impact them every bit good. Hirschi and Gottfredson critique the thought of analyzing calling felons. They claimed that the construct of a calling felon is more than a century old and is deficient because calling felons tend to be older when the condemnable justness system realizes that they do so hold a drawn-out record of condemnable activity ( DeLisi and Vaughn 2007 ) . Gottfredson and Hirschi besides claim that the support deductions of calling condemnable research are far excessively great because one would hold to follow a felon throughout his life span. In DeLisi and Vaughn’s survey. their findings revealed that calling criminal’s low self-denial can be measured and their marks they chose are mensurable. From their research four findings emerged: Career felons had lower degrees of self-denial in comparing to non-career felons. Young persons who scored one criterion divergence above the mean on the self-control graduated table were more likely to go a calling felon. Third. self-denial predicted calling condemnable rank with receiving system operator characteristic†¦Fourth. low self-denial was overpoweringly the strongest forecaster of calling criminalism. more so than the impact of age. race. ethnicity. gender. socioeconomic position. etc. . † ( DeLisi and Vaughn 2007 ) . For this survey DeLisi and Vaughn interviewed face to face and they constructed a 15-item self-control graduated table that had elements that reflected Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory on self-denial. When mentioning back to Gottfredson and Hirschi’s original theory on self-denial. one can see that their survey focused on how self-denial is developed around age eight and this research on calling felons aims to analyze persons throughout their life as opposed to a individual point in one’s life. It. in a elusive manner. goes against the constructs developed in the General Theory of Crime by advancing longitudinal surveies. A unfavorable judgment that Gottfredson and Hirshi worked difficult to annul was that felons. such as white-collar or organized offenses. do non hold low self-denial. Their statement was that. â€Å"’Organized crime’ is non truly organized and that any evident organisation is short-loved and consists of unstable impermanent confed erations. † ( Bernard et al. 2010 ) . It was pointed out that organized criminalism is neer genuinely successful due to the fact that those persons involved. miss self-control. back uping their basic premiss of their theory. The relationships formed within a circle of organized offense between the persons are non dependable. trustworthy. or concerted for long periods of clip to let the offenses to go on on and the organisation to keep stableness. In their book. General Theory of Crime. Gottfredson and Hirschi province that it non necessary to make specific theories to account for pack. organized. or professional offense but that their theory sing self-denial has the span to account for these assortment of classs. â€Å"†¦once they’ve been stripped of the social-organizational myth. † ( 1990 ) . A survey conducted by Sally Simpson and Nicole Piquero titled. â€Å"Low Self-Control. Organizational Theory. and Corporate Crime. † worked to confute Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that self-denial can be used to explicate organized offense. The information that was gathered from a factorial study done on corporate directors and directors in-training revealed that the natural inc lination to perpetrate corporate discourtesies and self-denial are unrelated. They alternatively used the integrated mercenary and cultural organisational theory to explicate why directors committed offenses. significance that if a director is being supervised by an person who orders them to pique. they are so more likely to perpetrate an discourtesy or if their company will profit in some fiscal addition so they are more inclined to pique every bit good. However. it could be argued every bit good that if these directors are submissive to their supervisors to the point of perpetrating illegal Acts of the Apostless they so lack the self-denial to defy prosecuting in Acts of the Apostless of immoral nature. Variables. such as race. gender. and socioeconomic position are besides known to be changeless subjects of treatments when researching about self-denial. Theorists seek to happen if these variables play an impact on the association between self-denial and aberrant behaviours and if those impacts differ from each other. A survey done by John McMullen proving the Self-Control Theory utilizing general forms of aberrance suggests that gender. as a control variable. does hold a strong impact on condemnable. pervert. and risk-taking behaviours ( 1999 ) . The sample for this survey consisted of 415 pupils who were similar racially but with fluctuation in respects to gender and parental instruction degree. The information that was gathered r elated to any recent engagement they had in offense. aberrance. and risk-taking behaviour. Another survey was done utilizing pupils from Honk Kong. This focused on self-denial and delinquency in the Chinese scene. which speaks on the theoretical issue of whether the impact of self-denial is cosmopolitan across civilizations ( Cheung and Cheung 2007 ) . Data was collected 1. 015 Chinese secondary school pupils in Hong Kong between the ages of 14 and 19. The consequences showed that low-self control was correlated with delinquency in the Chinese scene. This survey besides found that low self-denial is connected to a scope of negative societal conditions in Chinese striplings. including disrupted societal bonds. delinquent association. negative dealingss with equals. etc. ( Cheung and Cheung 2007 ) . While this theory helps to back up the culture-free proposal by the self-control theory. it merely partly supports it. This survey on Chinese striplings suggests that non merely does self-control affect delinquency but societal factors besides play a function. However. Gottfredson and Hirschi believe that the societal factors that do exist are consequences of the deficiency of self-denial. significance that an person would non be labeled as a condemnable if their self-denial had kept them from a perpetrating a offense. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s work General Theory of Crime provided groundbreaking work for the condemnable justness system. Additionally. it besides served to trip many statements and contentions go arounding around the thought of self-denial and whether or non it can be an account for all offense. Multiple surveies and much research have been done to prove the self-denial theory every bit good as challenging its claims. Gender and race have been tested to see if these variables affect self-denial ; the types of offenses and felons have besides been researched upon to calculate out if self-control plays a factor in their being. This theory of self-denial does much to explicate the kingdom of offense and while it may give substance to a assortment of delinquent behaviours it does supply a foundation for present and future criminologists and even sociologists to come on their ain Fieldss of work. Plants Cited Bernard. Thomas J. Jeffrey B. Snipes and Alexander L Gould. 2010. Vold’s Theoretical Criminology. New York. Oxford University Press. Cheung. Nicole W. T. and Yeut Cheung. 2007 â€Å"Self-control. Social Factors. andDelinquency: A Trial of the General Theory of Crime Among Adolescents in HonkKong. † Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37 ( 4 ) :412-430. Retrieved from Ebsco onNov 28. 2012 DeLisi. Matt and Michael G Vaughn. 2007 â€Å"Reconciling Self-control Theory. CriminalCareers and Career Criminals. † International Journal of Offender Therapy andComparative Criminology 52 ( 5 ) :520-537. Retrieved from Ebsco on Nov 28. 2012 Gottfredson. Michael R and Travis Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford. Stanford University Press. McMullen. John C. 1999. A Trial of Self-Control Theory Using General Patterns ofDeviance. Blacksburg. VA. Schulz. Stefan. 2004 â€Å"Problems with the Versatility Construct of Gottfredson andHirschi’s General Theory of Crime . † European Journal of Crime. Criminal Lawand Criminal Justice 12 ( 1 ) :61-82. Retrieved Simpson. Sally S. and Nicole Piquero. 2002 â€Å"Low Self-Control. Organizational Theory. and Corporate Crime. † Law and Society Review 36 ( 3 ) :509- . Retrieved from Ebsco on Nov 28. 2012 from Ebsco on Nov 28. 2012 Welch. Kelly. 1998. Two Major Theories of Travis Hirschi. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/hirschi. htm. Nov 28. 2012

Switch Statement in Ruby

How to Use the Case/Switch Statement in Ruby In most computer languages, the case or conditional (also known as  switch) statement compares the value of a variable with that of several constants or literals and executes the first path with a matching case. In Ruby, its a bit more flexible (and powerful). Instead of a simple equality test being performed, the case equality operator is used, opening the door to many new uses. There are some differences from other languages though. In C, a switch statement is a kind of replacement for a series of if and goto statements. The cases are technically labels, and the switch statement will go to the matching label. This exhibits a behavior called fallthrough, as the execution doesnt stop when it reaches another label. This is usually avoided using a break statement, but fallthrough is sometimes intentional. The case statement in Ruby, on the other hand, can be seen as a shorthand for a series of if statements. There is no fallthrough, only the first matching case will be executed. The Basic Form of a Case Statement The basic form of a case statement is as follows. As you can see, this is structured something like an if/else if/else conditional statement. The name (which well call the value), in this case inputted from the keyboard, is compared to each of the cases from the when clauses (i.e.  cases), and the first when block with a matching case will be executed. If none of them match, the else block will be executed. Whats interesting here is how the value is compared to each of the cases. As mentioned above, in C, and other C-like languages, a simple value comparison is used. In Ruby, the case equality operator is used. Remember that the type of the left-hand side of a case equality operator is important, and the cases are always the left-hand side. So, for each when clause, Ruby will evaluate case value until it finds a match. If we were to input Bob, Ruby would first evaluate Alice Bob, which would be false since String# is defined as the comparison of the strings. Next, /[qrz]./i Bob would be executed, which is false since Bob doesnt begin with Q, R or Z. Since none of the cases matched, Ruby will then execute the else clause. How the Type Comes Into Play A common use of the case statement is to determine the type of value and do something different depending on its type. Though this breaks Rubys customary duck typing, its sometimes necessary to get things done. This works by using the Class# (technically, the Module#) operator, which tests if the right-hand side is_a? left-hand side. The syntax is simple and elegant: Another Possible Form If the value is omitted, the case statement works a bit differently: it works almost exactly like an if/else if/else statement. The advantages of using the case statement over an ​if statement, in this case, are merely cosmetic. A More Compact Syntax There are times when there are a large number of small when clauses. Such a case statement easily grows too large to fit on the screen. When this is the case (no pun intended), you can use the then keyword to put the body of the when clause on the same line. While this makes for some very dense code, as long as each when clause is very similar, it actually becomes more readable. When you should use single-line and multi-line when clauses are up to you, its a matter of style. However, mixing the two is not recommended - a case statement should follow a pattern to be as readable as possible. Case Assignment Like if statements, case statements evaluate to the last statement in the when clause. In other words, they can be used in assignments to provide a kind of table. However, dont forget that case statements are much more powerful than simple array or hash lookups. Such a table doesnt necessarily need to use literals in the when clauses. If there is no matching when clause and no else clause, then the case statement will evaluate to nil.

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business Essay

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business organisations - Essay Example In 2009 UK recorded 18.3 million internet users, accounting for the 70% of country’s total population, which â€Å"is an increase of just under 2 million households (11 per cent) over the last year and 4 million households (28 per cent) since 2006† (National Statistics, Internet Access, 2009). This scenario comprise of a number of different players that range from technological innovations, multinational companies, public policies, legal issues, and ethical values, present a number of challenging constraints and opportunities. Maintaining certain ethical and moral values within any form of commercial enterprise (including modern e-business organisations) are important for attaining sustainable success for that firm. Recently it has become especially important for the business firms, especially those involved in e-commerce, to maintain correct ethical and moral behavioural attitudes to avoid legal problems. In this era of economic globalization and technological convergence there is an emergence of a new form of internet-based society often referred to as the knowledge society, and has raised questions on issues related to various ethical, moral and legal matters. The modern computer based technologies, used for collecting, amassing, managing, and communicating data, though managed to bring in new reforms in the dispersion and application of information, also brought in various ethical and legal dilemmas. The various business firms that operate within this arena face difficulties in the context of right to information, right to privacy, right to the freedom of expression, and intellectual property rights, which vary from country to country. The immense importance and efficiency of internet based systems that include worldwide and local system networks, databases, and the various programs for data processing make it compulsory that policymakers make a review of the existing rights and r esponsibilities, in relation to conducting e-businesses in a legal and ethical manner. (Lynch, Ethical Issues in Electronic Information Systems, 1994). Discussion What is e-business and e-commerce? In the recent times it has been observed that â€Å"The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Internet have transformed many legitimate business activities, augmenting the speed, ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†( Williams, 2002, 1). The increase in e-business transactions is evident in the figures presented in the UK National Statistics survey report, â€Å"The value of Internet sales by businesses rose to ?71.1 billion in 2004, an increase of 81 per cent [from] 2003... The results of the 2004 survey show growth in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and large increases in the value of trade over the Internet. The results also highlight significantly greater use of ICTs by the largest businesses (those with 1000 or more employees)... Internet purchases by businesses rose 64.6 per cent from ?37.9 billion in 2003 to ?62.4 billion in 2004† (National Statistics, News Release, 2005). Though computer and data processing systems were present during the 70s and 80s, it was primarily the late nineties that saw a rise in e-trade, where the Internet changed the way many business activities were conducted through speed augmentation, â€Å"ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†(Williams, 2002, 1). Thus, the changing perspectives of trading community from that of an actual ‘

In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls - Essay Example ..no one knows his place in society, his class position or social status; nor does he know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence and strength, and the like† (Rawls, p. 118). The individual is then tasked with designing a society with this understanding in mind. As a means of carrying out Rawl’s veil of ignorance, this essay proposes what sorts of principles I would propose for this new society. Additionally, the essay considers what guarantees people would have, and what values would be most important to create and preserve. After considering the veil of ignorance one of the overarching considerations of this new society is the need to ensure that it offers fair opportunities to all citizens. As a means of achieving this society there necessarily must be a radical reimagining of the way that the country is structured. Currently society is organized a capitalist democratic model. In this way the primary means of achieving income are through capitalizing on one’s strengths to as great a degree as possible. The pervading logic in this approach to life is that individuals who work the hardest will correspondingly be given the most opportunities and success. There is the further belief that innovation and entrepreneurship will not occur unless people are given a direct financial incentive. While from a theoretical perspective this view of the world may be accurate, in practice there is a great amount of complication. What often occurs is that specific groups of people gain power and are able to oppress other groups of people. In this way survival of the fittest partially takes over, wherein the strong dominate the weak. Additionally, people become oppressed along racial and ethnic lines. In this way many of the brightest and most talented individuals in society are not granted the equal opportunities. Even as society is democratic in nature, the pervading structures are such that these processes are cyc lical, with individuals in power contributing to the oppressive mechanisms. Following the understanding of society as greatly contributing to the oppression of certain groups of people significant changes will be implemented. One of the first changes is that the past notion that all individuals work for the simple accumulation of wealth will be disregarded. Numerous studies have indicated that once an individual makes over $75,000 a year their relative happiness level does not increase. Still, a significant amount of people in society make considerably more than this amount, while millions of others struggle to achieve a living income. The obvious solution is to institute wealth distribution systems, where the wealthiest Americans necessarily distribute their wealth to those making the least amount of money. While such processes are in place to a small extent, the large-scale implementation of these processes have not occurred as there is the general belief that individuals would no t work as hard if they did not receive direct compensation for their actions. Although there is an extent of truth to these claims, ultimately it appears that they do not fully take into account the motivations of human behavior. One considers that individuals such as Warren Buffet have made extensive amounts of money and ultimately given it away to charity. The current Presidential candidate Mitt Romney,

Role for bioremediation Essay Example for Free

Role for bioremediation Essay Chapter 1 Which one of the following is not a role for bioremediation? Curing infectious diseases All of the following are examples of new emerging infectious diseases except Chickenpox Normal microbiota: Beneficial microbial inhabitants of the body Golden Age of Microbiology: Rapid discovery of basic microbiology principles Re-emerging diseases: Once controlled by preventative public health measures they are now on the rise Prions: Resistant to the usual sterilization procedures for pathogens Spontaneous generation: The converse of biogenesis Acellular infectious agent: Chemical composition includes RNA or DNA In the scientific name Bacillus anthracis, the term Bacillus is the genus name include the agents responsible for stomach ulcers and plague: Bacteria are prokaryotes: Bacteria impart distinctive flavors in foods such as yogurt and cheese: Bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites: Viruses have a protein coat that surrounds the genetic information: Viruses include molds and yeasts: Fungi contain the protozoa and algae: Protists derive their energy from degrading organic materials: Fungi are the most metabolically diverse group: Bacteria Which one of the following sequences exhibits increasing size? Viruses to bacteria to protozoa Which one of the following would be consistent with the idea of spontaneous generation? Sick people give rise to microorganisms in their body Chapter 3 The gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing: different types of bacteria One of the below is wrong permit eukaryotic motility: Flagella are involved in group translocation: Chromosomes Contain components of the electron transport chain for ATP generation: Plasma Membranes may have peritrichous or polar arrangements: Flagella are linear rods contained within a nucleus: Chromosomes replication is followed by binary fission: Chromosomes are closed circular single molecues: Chromosomes are used for chemotaxis: Flagella involved with signal sequences in secretion: Plasma Membranes Nucleoid: Stores essential genetic information Glycocalyx: Prevents phagocytosis; attachment Plasmid: Contains a few genes; not essential for cell -Metachromatic granules: Site of nutrient accumulation in cell Fimbriae: Short straight hair-like fibers -Gram (-) cell wall: Rigid outer boundary A bacterial arrangement called a sarcina has which of the following morphological shapes? Spheres in packets of eight All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except they reproduce by mitosis Chapter 4 A differential medium is one that  distinguishes colonies of one type of bacterium from those of another type Which of the following conditions are most likely to affect the growth of bacteria? temperature, oxygen, and pH At what point in the bacterial growth curve are bacteria the most vulnerable to antibiotics log phase Which of the following methods of measuring population growth is a direct count standard plate count using a dilution series Faculative bacteria are those that  grow in the presence of absence of oxygen Most of the human pathogens are: mesophiles  10. 0001 out of 11 points Mesophiles: this group has most of the the pathogens as they grow at body temperature Halophile: would grow on selective media containing relatively high levels of salt Alkaphile: they can tolerate a pH above 8.5 Psychrotroph: can be found growing in the human stomach Anaerobe: they do not or cannot use oxygen Hyperthermophile: these have been found in seawater from hot water volcanic vents Microaerophile: they survive in environments where O2 concentration is relatively low but are inhibited by high O2 levels Obligate aerobe: this group requires oxygen for metabolism, just like humans Acidophile: can be found growing in the human stomach Facultative Anaerobe: they grow best in the presence of oxygen but can grow in the absence of oxygen Barophile: they are able to live at the bottom of the ocean -The interval of time between successive binary fissions of a cell or population of cells is known as the: generation time -Psychrophiles and thermophiles differ with respect to their best temperature for growth A soil sample is added to a culture medium that has been designed to promote the growth of the genus Pseudomonas while inhibiting the growth of fungi. This test uses a: selective medium Chapter 5 Low temperature is:  bacteriostatic Heavy metals generally kill microorganisms by  reacting with protein sulfhydryl groups to disrupt function Chlorhexidine is a biguanide used to  wash hands and clean wounds superficially The chemical counterpart of the autoclave uses  ethylene oxide with an inert gas HEPA filters are used to filter which one of the following? Air Ultraviolet light is valuable for reducing the microbial population in the air of a hospital room Of the following, the most efficient method for sterilization of a bacteriological transfer loop is the direct flame Triclosan destroys bacteria by  disrupting cell membranes Which one of the following elements would be classified as a halogen Chlorine Moist heat kills microorganisms by  denaturation A substance that has been pasteurized  is not considered sterile 5 out of 8 points Autoclave: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Direct Flame: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Boiling water for 10 minutes: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Hot air oven for 2 hours at 160 degrees Celcius: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores Pasteurization: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Gamma radiation: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores Filtration: Pathogenic microorganisms, not endospores Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing: Vegetative microorganisms, not endospores When food has been salted  water diffuses out of microorganisms causing them to shrivel Chapter 6 The Krebs cycle accounts for all the following except  production of pyruvate from glucose Heat is useful in the destruction of bacteria because heat denatures enzymes by altering their tertiary structures 10.99956 out of 13 points yields pyruvate for use in the TCA cycle: Glycolysis requires cytochromes for electron transport: Oxidative phosphorylation requires electrons eventually be passed to NADPH: Photosynthesis Requires energy from light to take place: Photosynthesis ends with acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms: Oxidative phosphorylation starts with the oxidation of NADH: TCA Cycle requires an investment of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis uses chlorophyll as the pigment in the cyanobacteria: Photosynthesis results in the formation of water: Photosynthesis is essentially the opposite of aerobic respiration: Photosynthesis begins with a glucose molecule: Glycolysis results in the net gain of 2 ATPs: Glycolysis generates two carbon dioxide molecules per turn: TCA Cycle Which one of the following does not involve a phosphorylation reaction? The hydrolysis of ATP Which of the following states is the most correct for enzyme reactions Enzymes are specific for only one reaction, generally in one direction All of the following apply to the process of anabolism except the process is exergonic You are studying an obligate anaerobe. Which one of the following pathways can you be assured is occurring? Glycolysis A bacterium that uses glucose as an energy source has been isolated from an anaerobic environment. After the growth of the bacterium, the pH of the growth medium is measured and found to be very acidic. When analyzed, the medium is found to have a high concentration of lactic acid. This bacterium is most likely metabolizing by a process known as fermentation

Computers In Education :: essays research papers

Computers in Education The typical school has 1 computer per 20 students, a ratio that computer educators feel is still not high enough to affect classroom learning as much as books and classroom conversation. Some critics see computer education as merely the latest in a series of unsuccessful attempts to revolutionise education through the use of audio- and visually-oriented non print media. For example, motion pictures, broadcast television, filmstrips, audio recorders, and videotapes were all initially heralded for their instructional potential, but each of these ultimately became minor classroom tools alongside conventional methods. Communications Satellite A communications satellite is an artificial SATELLITE placed into orbit around the Earth to facilitate communications on Earth. Most long-distance radio communication across land is sent via MICROWAVE relay towers. In effect, a satellite serves as a tall microwave tower to permit direct transmission between stations, but it can interconnect any number of stations that are included within the antenna beams of the satellite rather than simply the two ends of the microwave link. Computer Crime Computer crime is defined as any crime involving a computer accomplished through the use or knowledge of computer technology. Computers are objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, as when terrorists attack computer centres with explosives or gasoline, or when a "computer virus" a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory is introduced into a computer system. Personal Computer A personal computer is a computer that is based on a microprocessor, a small semiconductor chip that performs the operations of a c.p.u. Personal computers are single-user machines, whereas larger computers generally have multiple users. Personal computers have many uses such as: Word processing, communicating to other computers over a phone line using a modem,databases,leisure games are just some of the uses of a Personal Computer. Computers for Leisure Games As they proliferated, video games gained colour and complexity and adopted the basic theme that most of them still exhibit: the violent annihilation of an enemy by means of one's skill at moving a lever or pushing a button. Many of the games played on home computers are more or less identical with those in video arcades. Increasingly, however, computer games are becoming more sophisticated, more difficult, and no longer dependent on elapsed time a few computer games go on for many hours.